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Related Experiment Videos

The hand in the cold, performance and risk

G Havenith1, R Heus, H A Daanen

  • 1TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, Netherlands.

Arctic Medical Research
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cold exposure lowers body temperature, reducing blood flow to extremities. This impairs dexterity primarily due to muscle and joint cooling, not nerve effects, and is influenced by environmental factors and clothing.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Human Performance in Cold

Background:

  • Cold exposure can lead to insufficient metabolic heat production, causing body cooling.
  • Extremities experience reduced blood flow, leading to cooling towards ambient temperature, termed 'physiological amputation'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind dexterity decrease in cold extremities.
  • To quantify the relationship between environmental factors, exposure time, and performance/risk.
  • To evaluate the protective effects and trade-offs of hand protection like gloves.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dexterity decrease in relation to wind chill equivalent temperature and exposure time.
  • Assessment of skin freezing risk using material contact coefficients and contact time.
  • Evaluation of metabolic rate and hand protection (gloves) as modulating factors.

Main Results:

  • Dexterity decrease is primarily linked to muscle and joint cooling, not neural or central effects.
  • Dexterity loss can be modeled using wind chill and exposure duration for specific conditions.
  • Skin freezing risk and reduced dexterity from touching cold objects depend on material properties and contact time.

Conclusions:

  • Cold-induced dexterity impairment is mainly a peripheral physiological response.
  • Environmental factors like wind chill and contact with cold surfaces significantly impact performance and risk.
  • Gloves offer protection but introduce dexterity trade-offs; further research is needed for comprehensive hand cold exposure models.

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