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Long-term pulmonary functional outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and premature birth

S Parat1, G Moriette, M F Delaperche

  • 1Service de Medecine Neonatale de Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port-Royal, Universite Rene Descartes, Paris, France.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Children born prematurely with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) experience long-term airway obstruction and mild exercise intolerance. Premature birth without BPD also leads to airway obstruction, but to a lesser extent than with BPD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Premature birth can lead to long-term respiratory issues.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in infants often resulting from prematurity and mechanical ventilation.
  • The long-term pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in children with a history of BPD are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in late childhood.
  • To assess children born prematurely with BPD.
  • To compare these outcomes with children born prematurely without significant neonatal lung disease and with term-born controls.

Main Methods:

  • Pulmonary function tests including lung resistance (RL), dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC).
  • Exercise tolerance tests assessing the ratio of maximal minute ventilation (VEmax) to predicted maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV).
  • Comparison between three groups: premature with BPD, premature without significant neonatal lung disease (PT), and term-born controls (TB).

Main Results:

  • Higher total lung resistance (RL) and decreased dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn) were observed in both BPD and PT groups compared to TB children.
  • The BPD group showed significantly higher RL and lower CLdyn than the PT group.
  • Lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratios were found in the BPD group compared to the PT group, indicating airway obstruction.
  • Children with BPD exhibited elevated VEmax/MVV ratios, suggesting mild exercise intolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Prematurity, especially with BPD, results in long-term airway obstruction and mild exercise intolerance in childhood.
  • Premature birth without BPD is associated with milder airway obstruction compared to those who developed BPD neonatally.
  • These findings highlight the lasting impact of neonatal respiratory conditions on long-term respiratory health and function.

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