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Correlated biochemical modifications of plasma lipoproteins in coronary heart disease: an accelerating pathologic
1Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
Insights
Biochemically modified plasma lipoproteins, including low HDL and high LDL, are linked to coronary heart disease (CHD). Autoantibodies against LDL and VLDL may accelerate atherosclerosis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Immunology
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant health concern.
- Plasma lipoproteins play a crucial role in cardiovascular health.
- Biochemical modifications of lipoproteins may contribute to CHD pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate biochemically modified plasma lipoproteins as a pathological factor in patients with angina pectoris (CHD-P).
- To compare lipoprotein profiles and associated risk factors between CHD-P patients and normal subjects.
- To explore the role of autoantibodies against lipoproteins in CHD.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of plasma lipoprotein levels (HDL, LDL, VLDL) and cholesterol in CHD-P patients and normal subjects.
- Measurement of lipid peroxides (TBARS) and detection of desialylated LDL and VLDL.
- Quantification of autoantibodies against autologous LDL and VLDL.
- Statistical analysis to correlate risk factors and autoantibody levels.
Main Results:
- Patients over 66 with CHD-P showed decreased HDL.
- Patients under 66 with CHD-P exhibited low HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), high plasma cholesterol (C), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipid peroxides (TBARS).
- Presence of desialylated LDL and VLDL was noted in younger CHD-P patients.
- High plasma C correlated with LDL/HDL imbalance and high TBARS.
- High TBARS correlated with desialylated LDL and VLDL.
- Increased autoantibodies against LDL and VLDL were detected in CHD-P patients.
- Anti-LDL autoantibody levels correlated with LDL-C and LDL desialylation.
Conclusions:
- Decreased HDL and altered LDL/VLDL profiles are associated with coronary heart disease.
- Circulating desialylated lipoproteins and high lipid peroxides are significant risk factors.
- Autoantibodies against modified LDL and VLDL may be atherogenic and contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis.
Abstract:
We investigated the presence of biochemically modified plasma lipoproteins as pathologic factor for coronary heart disease in 15 patients with angina pectoris (CHD-P) vs 20 normal subjects (N). Decreased HDL were the most significant pathological feature present in P over 66 years old, while, P under 66 had, in addition to low HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), high levels of plasma cholesterol (C), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipid peroxides (TBARS), together with the presence of desialylated LDL and VLDL. We demonstrated by statistic analysis that these risk factors are correlated: high plasma C with a more pronounced imbalance between LDL and HDL, which, in turn, is associated with high TBARS levels, and also with circulating desialylated VLDL; high plasma TBARS values with desialylated LDL. We detected an increased level of autoantibodies towards autologous LDL and VLDL, in P vs N. The level of autoantibodies anti-LDL correlated with LDL-C level and with LDL desialylation, thus modified circulating LDL being most probably atherogenic. Circulating anti-LDL autoantibodies together with the low level of HDL might contribute to acceleration and aggravation of the atherosclerotic process.