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Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls

A R Giovagnoli1, M Del Pesce, S Mascheroni

  • 1Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy.

Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study provides norms for the Trail Making Test (TMT) in Italian adults, finding that age, education, and intelligence impact scores. Females showed longer times on TMT Part A compared to males.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a widely used neuropsychological tool for assessing visual-conceptual and visual-motor tracking.
  • Its sensitivity to brain damage and ease of administration make it valuable in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B, and the B-A difference in an adult Italian population.
  • To investigate the influence of demographic factors (age, gender, schooling) and general intelligence on TMT performance.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data from 287 adult Italian participants, stratified by gender, education, and age (20-79 years).
  • Administered Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B.
  • Assessed general intelligence using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices.

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Main Results:

  • TMT scores were significantly influenced by age, education level, and general intelligence.
  • Females exhibited longer completion times than males specifically for TMT Part A.
  • High test-retest reliability was observed for all TMT scores.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides essential normative data for the TMT in the Italian adult population.
  • Age, education, and intelligence are critical factors to consider when interpreting TMT results.
  • The findings highlight potential gender-specific differences in TMT performance, particularly for Part A.