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Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with Naegleria fowleri: clinical review
N D Barnett1, A M Kaplan, R J Hopkin
1Sections of Pediatrics, Phoenix Children's Hospita, Arizona.
Abstract:
Two children with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis secondary to Naegleria fowleri are reported. Both children died, and the causative agent was identified at autopsy. Presentation and outcome conformed to the usual course of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis and reaffirm the gravity and rapid progression of this infection. The epidemiology, microbiology, diagnostic considerations, and treatment are discussed. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with meningitis or encephalitis.
Insights
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is a severe infection. This report details two fatal pediatric cases, highlighting the disease's rapid progression and the need for early diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but devastating central nervous system infection.
- Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba responsible for PAM.
Observation:
- Two pediatric cases of PAM secondary to Naegleria fowleri infection are presented.
- Both children experienced a rapid disease course and ultimately succumbed to the infection.
Findings:
- Autopsy confirmed Naegleria fowleri as the causative agent in both fatal cases.
- The clinical presentation and outcomes align with the typically severe and rapidly progressive nature of PAM.
Implications:
- These cases underscore the critical importance of considering PAM in the differential diagnosis of pediatric meningitis and encephalitis.
- Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for potential therapeutic interventions, despite the historically poor prognosis.