Widespread HIV counseling and testing linked to a community-based tuberculosis control program in a high-risk...

The aim of the work reported here was to evaluate community-wide screening for HIV infection that was linked to a tuberculosis control program in a population at high risk for both infections. Between May 1990 and August 1992, adults in Cité Soleil, Haiti, were recruited by community health workers at their homes and in clinics for individual, clinic-based counseling and testing for HIV and tuberculosis. All of the screened subjects were offered post-test HIV counseling. Those with active tuberculosis received treatment, while those with latent tuberculosis and HIV infection were offered an opportunity to participate in a trial of antituberculosis chemoprophylaxis. The 10,611 individuals screened for HIV represented 10.0% of the adult population in Cité Soleil. HIV infection was detected in 1,629 (15.4%) and active tuberculosis in 242 (2.3%). Latent M. tuberculosis infection was found in 4,800 (67.5%) of 7,309 community residents who completed tuberculosis screening, 781 (16.3%) of whom were coinfected with HIV. The high prevalence of HIV infection found in this screened population, as compared to other groups undergoing HIV screening in the same community, suggests that people at high risk for HIV infection selectively sought or accepted tuberculosis clinic screening. Also, many people with active tuberculosis were identified earlier in the course of their disease than they would have been in the absence of a screening program. Overall, the results indicate that community-based screening for HIV infection within a tuberculosis control program can result in effective targeting of screening for both infections.