Different perceptual codes support priming for words and pseudowords: was Morton right all along?

A perceptual-identification task was used to assess priming for words and pseudowords that in their upper- and lowercase formats share either few (high-shift items) or many (low-shift items) visual features. Equivalent priming was obtained for high-shift words repeated in the same case and in a different case, and this priming was greatly reduced when there was a study-test modality shift. Accordingly, the cross-case priming was mediated in large part by modality-specific perceptual codes. By contrast, priming for high-shift pseudowords was greatly reduced following the case manipulation, as was so for high-shift words when they were randomly intermixed with pseudowords. Low-shift items were not affected by the case manipulation. On the basis of the overall pattern of results, the author argues that different mechanisms mediate priming for words and pseudowords and that J. Morton (1979) was essentially correct in his characterization of word priming.