Effect on human gamma interferon on mice testis: a quantitative analysis of the spermatogenic cells

Effect of Human Gamma Interferon (Hu-IFN-gamma) on the testicular histology was studied in mice. Male mice were administered Hu-IFN-gamma intratesticularly at the doses of 2, 10 and 20 micrograms/testis in a volume of 1.0 microliter isotonic normal saline. Contralateral testis served as control and was administered same amount of vehicle. All the animals were sacrificed 7 days after drug administration. Body weight and the weights of testis and epididymis were not affected by IFN treatment nor was there any effect of the drug on the motility of the vas deferens spermatozoa. Low dose of IFN (3 mukg) did not have significant effect on the histoarchitecture of the testes and various spermatogenic elements, a progressive damage was however observed with the increasing doses of IFN. Pronounced deleterious effect of IFN on the testis leading to desquamation of the germinal epithelium, reduction in the germinal cell height and tubular diameter was observed with 20 micrograms dose. Quantitative studies on seminiferous epithelium showed a significant decrease in the number of Sertoli cells, stage-7 spermatids and stage-16 spermatozoa. The ratios of resting type spermatocyte: type A spermatogonia and stage-7 spermatids: pachytene spermatocyte was also reduced. The ratios of pachytene spermatocyte: resting spermatocyte and stage-16 spermatozoa: stage-7 spermatids were however not affected by IFN treatment. In another experiment IFN was administered (2 micrograms/day) subcutaneously to male mice for 30 days. No effect of drug treatment on body weight, organ weight, sperm motility and histology (including morphometry) of the testis was observed. Our data suggest that IFN action at testis may be associated with the antiproliferative effect of interferon.