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An Ethiopian birth cohort study

M Asefa1, R Drewett, J Hewison

  • 1Department of Community Health, Jimma Institute of Health Sciences, Ethiopia.

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
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This study tracked infant health in Ethiopia, finding an 11.5% infant mortality rate. Ethnic differences significantly impacted infant growth, with variations in weight and length observed by the first year.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • A birth cohort study was conducted in Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, during 1992-93.
  • The study focused on infants from birth to their first birthday.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the design and methods of a one-year birth cohort study.
  • To report on principal health outcomes, including infant mortality and growth patterns.
  • To analyze factors influencing infant health in the study population.

Main Methods:

  • Infants were visited bimonthly, with data collected on home environment, infant care practices, and vaccinations.
  • Infant anthropometric measurements (length, weight, mid-upper arm circumference) were taken.
  • Mothers' handling of illness episodes was recorded.

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  • Statistical analysis included a Reed model fitted as a random coefficient regression model.

    • Main Results:

    • Out of 1563 infants, 86% were followed for one year. The infant mortality rate was 115/1000.
    • Mean length and weight at one year were -1.41 and -1.52 SD below the NCHS/WHO reference population median.
    • Significant differences in infant growth were observed across ethnic groups, with weight variations up to 1 kg at one year.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights a high infant mortality rate in the studied Ethiopian population.
    • Ethnic background is a significant determinant of infant growth and development.
    • Further research is needed to understand and address the factors contributing to ethnic disparities in infant health.