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Blood-compatible materials by fluid perfusion

P Predecki, P A Russell

    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
    |September 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Perfusion of porous materials with physiologic fluid prevents blood cell adhesion to foreign surfaces. This method significantly reduces platelet and protein adhesion, offering a novel approach for blood-contacting medical devices.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Hemodynamics
    • Surface Chemistry

    Background:

    • Blood-contacting medical devices often face challenges with platelet adhesion and protein fouling on foreign surfaces.
    • This adhesion can lead to thrombosis and device failure, necessitating improved surface modification strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the feasibility of preventing platelet and blood cell adhesion to porous foreign surfaces by perfusing physiologic fluid through the material.
    • To determine the critical perfusion rate required to inhibit cell adhesion on specific porous materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Porous Teflon (Gore-tex) and aluminosilicate ceramic tubes were perfused with lactated Ringer's solution.
    • Perfused tubes were exposed to flowing human whole blood (heparinized and unheparinized) for 3-6 minutes.

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  • Platelet and cell adhesion were quantified and compared to non-perfused controls; protein adhesion was assessed via staining.

    • Main Results:

    • Perfusion effectively prevented adhesion of all blood cells to both Teflon and ceramic surfaces under tested conditions.
    • Platelet adhesion was reduced from 1-8 X 10(6) platelets/cm2 in controls to zero in perfused tubes.
    • A critical perfusion rate between 0.04 and 0.3 cc/(min-cm2) was identified for Gore-tex to prevent platelet adhesion.
    • The generated boundary layer prevented downstream platelet adhesion for several centimeters.

    Conclusions:

    • Perfusion of porous materials with physiologic fluid is a feasible method to prevent blood cell adhesion.
    • This technique offers a promising strategy for improving the hemocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices.
    • The boundary layer effect suggests potential for passive anti-thrombotic properties in device design.