The diagnosis and management of HIV infection

In the past 15 years HIV infection and AIDS have become pandemic in the world. Infectious and neoplastic complications have evolved in response to medical advances and to the appearance of HIV infection in different populations. Because AIDS patients live longer with severe immunosuppression and new treatments have controlled opportunistic infections, the spectrum of complications of AIDS has changed. New and more effective antiretroviral drugs are being developed, and physicians are learning how to use them more effectively. Currently, medical management of HIV-infected patients focuses on the appropriate use of antiretrovirals and the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of complicating illnesses. A coordinated continuum of care and patient education and involvement are also key elements of effective management of HIV infection.