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The dietary intake of children with IDDM
G A Randecker1, H Smiciklas-Wright, J M McKenzie
1College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
Insights
This study found that children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) generally met nutritional recommendations, though some had excessive saturated fat and inadequate fiber intake. Individual nutrient shortfalls were noted, particularly in younger children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (formerly IDDM) is a chronic condition requiring careful dietary management.
- Nutritional status is crucial for growth and metabolic control in children with diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the dietary intake of children under 10 with IDDM.
- To compare their intake against established nutritional guidelines for this population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 66 children (<10 years) with IDDM.
- Dietary intake assessed via three 24-hour telephone recalls per child.
- Nutrient analysis performed using a computerized database.
Main Results:
- Average protein and cholesterol intake met recommendations; saturated fat intake exceeded guidelines.
- Fiber intake was below recommended levels, with many children consuming excessive saturated fat.
- While overall energy, vitamin, and mineral intake was adequate, 10-40% had insufficient Vitamin D, E, and zinc, decreasing with age.
Conclusions:
- Children with IDDM under 10 years generally adhered to nutritional recommendations on average.
- Significant individual variations exist, with some children not meeting optimal intake levels for managing IDDM.
Objective:
To assess the dietary intake of children with IDDM and to determine whether the intake meets the current nutritional recommendations for children with IDDM.
Research Design And Methods:
A total of 66 children with IDDM who were < 10 years of age were recruited from two suburban Pennsylvania hospitals. To collect dietary intake data, subjects were asked, via telephone interview, to complete three random-day 24-h dietary recalls. Data were analyzed for the content of nutrients and other food components by a computerized database program. Intakes were expressed as a 3-day average intake for each subject.
Results:
Overall mean intake of protein and cholesterol approximated the current recommendations. The mean intake of saturated fat exceeded recommendations, while fiber intake was less than the recommended level. Many of the children consumed levels of saturated fat well above recommendations. Energy, vitamin, and mineral intakes were adequate for the overall sample. However, from 10 to 40% of the sample had an inadequate intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, and zinc. The percentage of those with inadequate intakes of these nutrients decreased with age.
Conclusions:
These data suggest that, on average, among this sample of children with IDDM aged < 10 years, adherence to the current nutritional recommendations for children with IDDM was adequate, but some individual children had intakes that were not consistent with the recommendations for optimal management of IDDM.