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Subnormal norepinephrine release relates to presyncope in astronauts after spaceflight

J M Fritsch-Yelle1, P A Whitson, R L Bondar

  • 1Medical Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

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Astronauts unable to stand after spaceflight showed lower norepinephrine and vascular resistance. This suggests hypoadrenergic responsiveness may predict and contribute to postflight orthostatic intolerance, offering preflight prediction possibilities.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Space Medicine
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Postflight orthostatic intolerance affects nearly all astronauts, varying in severity.
  • Understanding the physiological basis is crucial for astronaut health and space exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiovascular responses to upright posture in astronauts before and after spaceflight.
  • To identify physiological differences between astronauts who can and cannot tolerate upright posture postflight.

Main Methods:

  • Studied cardiovascular responses in 40 astronauts before and after spaceflights up to 16 days.
  • Separated astronauts based on their ability to stand for 10 minutes post-landing.
  • Measured plasma norepinephrine levels, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressures (systolic and diastolic).
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline CardiopulmonaryNASA Discipline Number 00-00NASA Discipline Number 14-10NASA Discipline Number 40-20NASA Program FlightNASA Program Space BiologyNASA Program Space Physiology and Countermeasures

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Main Results:

  • Astronauts unable to stand postflight had significantly lower increases in plasma norepinephrine (105 vs. 340 pg/ml).
  • Presyncopal astronauts exhibited lower standing peripheral vascular resistance (23 vs. 34 mmHg.l⁻¹.min) and greater blood pressure drops.
  • Preflight, presyncopal astronauts showed lower supine and standing vascular resistance and lower systolic/diastolic pressures.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoadrenergic responsiveness, potentially centrally mediated, contributes to postflight orthostatic intolerance.
  • Preflight cardiovascular and autonomic function may predict postflight susceptibility.
  • Findings offer insights into autonomic dysfunction applicable to Earthbound patients.