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Cognitive functioning in premenstrual syndrome

M Morgan1, A J Rapkin, L D'Elia

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Social Welfare, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) do not show objective cognitive deficits during the menstrual cycle. Despite subjective feelings of inadequacy, cognitive tests for attention, memory, and executive function revealed no significant differences compared to controls.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is associated with various physical and psychological symptoms.
  • Cognitive functioning is often subjectively impaired during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in women with PMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively evaluate cognitive functioning in women with PMS compared to controls.
  • To assess cognitive performance during both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty women diagnosed with PMS and 31 controls were recruited.
  • Cognitive functions, including executive functions, attention, memory, and mental agility, were assessed using validated complex tasks.
  • Testing occurred during the follicular (days 8-10) and luteal (days 24-26) phases of the menstrual cycle.

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Main Results:

  • Women with PMS reported mild-to-moderate premenstrual depression (Beck Depression Inventory scores P < .001).
  • No statistically significant differences were found in objective cognitive tests for attention, memory, cognitive flexibility, or mental agility between groups.
  • The observed effect size was very small (.02), suggesting a large sample size (over 1000 per group) would be needed to detect such a small effect.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not find objective evidence of cognitive impairment in women with PMS.
  • Subjective feelings of cognitive inadequacy in PMS may not be reflected in objective performance measures.