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Muscle strain injuries

W E Garrett1

  • 1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Muscle strains result from excessive stretch, not just contraction. Recent research clarifies injury mechanisms, healing, and prevention strategies like proper warm-ups, benefiting athletes and patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Muscle strains are common injuries, yet basic science and clinical data were historically limited.
  • Recent research has significantly advanced understanding of muscle strain injuries from both laboratory and clinical perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current scientific understanding of muscle strain injuries, including mechanisms, susceptible muscles, and healing processes.
  • To discuss clinical applications for the prevention and treatment of muscle strains, informed by recent findings.
  • To highlight factors influencing prognosis and surgical repair options for severe injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory findings on muscle strain mechanisms and susceptible muscle groups.
  • Analysis of clinical data and imaging studies to identify injury sites and common muscle involvements.

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  • Synthesis of information on healing timelines, risk factors for re-injury, and management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific muscles (hamstring, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, adductor longus) are prone to strain, often near the muscle-tendon junction.
    • Injuries at tendinous origins have different characteristics and prognoses than intramuscular tears.
    • Rectus femoris, hamstring origin, and abdominal wall injuries may require surgical repair.
    • Warm-up, temperature, and stretching positively impact muscle properties, potentially reducing strain risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Muscle strains occur due to excessive stretch during activation, with localized damage near the muscle-tendon junction.
    • Understanding healing progression and risk factors for re-injury is crucial for effective management and prevention.
    • Optimizing muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility aids both performance and injury prevention.