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HIV-1 pol sequences from India fit distinct subtype pattern

L E Soto-Ramirez1, S Tripathy, B Renjifo

  • 1Harvard AIDS Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
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This study analyzes Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene sequences from Indian isolates. The findings confirm these Indian HIV-1 strains are subtype C, distinct from other major subtypes.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is phylogenetically classified into subtypes based on env and gag gene sequences, often showing geographic clustering.
  • Previous characterization of Indian HIV-1 isolates identified them as subtype C based on env sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To phylogenetically analyze the reverse transcriptase (pol) coding region of HIV-1 isolates from India.
  • To determine the subtype classification of these Indian HIV-1 pol sequences and compare them to other global subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequences of the p51 subunit of reverse transcriptase were amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the obtained pol gene sequences.

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Main Results:

  • The reverse transcriptase coding region sequences from Indian isolates were found to be distinct from HIV-1 subtypes A, B, D, and group O.
  • Phylogenetic analysis confirmed these Indian pol sequences belong to subtype C, consistent with their env gene sequences.
  • The nucleotide divergence (3.3%) of these Indian pol sequences is comparable to that of subtype B and D viruses, suggesting a recent introduction of HIV-1 in India.

Conclusions:

  • The pol gene sequences of the studied Indian HIV-1 isolates are classified as subtype C.
  • These findings support the hypothesis of a more recent introduction of HIV-1 into India.
  • The study highlights the importance of molecular epidemiology in understanding viral diversity and spread.