Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Relationships among owner consideration of euthanasia, caregiver burden, and treatment satisfaction in canine osteoarthritis.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2022

Same author

Reducing occupational distress in veterinary medicine personnel with acceptance and commitment training: a pilot study.

New Zealand veterinary journal·2021

Same author

Predicting caregiver burden in general veterinary clients: Contribution of companion animal clinical signs and problem behaviors.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2018

Same author

Mechanism for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-induced atrial fibrillation.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2002

Same author

A good case.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2002

Same author

Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias due to transient or correctable causes: high risk for death in follow-up.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2001

Same journal

At the Edge of the Possible: A New Standard for Cardiovascular Critical Care.

Cardiology clinics·2026

Same journal

End-of-Life Care in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit.

Cardiology clinics·2026

Same journal

Strategies to Reduce Failure to Rescue after Cardiac Surgery.

Cardiology clinics·2026

Same journal

Embracing Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery Program.

Cardiology clinics·2026

Same journal

Post-Heart Transplantation Intensive Care Unit Recovery: A Phase-Based Approach.

Cardiology clinics·2026

Same journal

A Practical Guide to Intensive Care Unit Management after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Cardiology clinics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2022

Atrial defibrillation. New frontiers

M D Carlson¹, L A Biblo

¹Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Cardiology Clinics

|November 1, 1996

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Internal atrial defibrillation offers a safe and effective alternative for patients unresponsive to external electrical cardioversion. Research suggests an implantable atrial defibrillator could prevent recurrent atrial fibrillation.

More Related Videos

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2022

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Medical Devices

Background:

External direct current electrical atrial defibrillation, developed in the 1960s, remains largely unchanged.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia requiring effective treatment.
While external defibrillation is effective, alternative methods are being explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of internal atrial defibrillation.
To explore the potential for developing an implantable atrial defibrillator.

Main Methods:

Utilizing internal electrode catheters for shock delivery in animal and human studies.
Employing biphasic waveform shocks with large surface area electrodes in the right atrium and coronary sinus.
Synchronizing shocks to R waves to prevent ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Main Results:

Internal atrial defibrillation is effective and safe for patients refractory to external cardioversion.
Biphasic shocks delivered via internal electrodes are most effective.
Synchronization prevents induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Conclusions:

Internal atrial defibrillation is a viable alternative for restoring sinus rhythm.
The efficacy of low-energy shocks supports the development of an implantable atrial defibrillator.
Further clinical trials are warranted to determine the utility of an implantable atrial defibrillator for preventing AF recurrence.