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Related Experiment Videos

Malaric placentas. A quantitative study and clinico-pathological correlations

O Leopardi1, W Naughten, L Salvia

  • 1Department of Pathology, Ospedale Maggiore, Lodi, Italy.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Low birthweight in malaria is linked to placental inflammation, not parasite load. Placental inflammation, especially with lymphocytes, correlates with lower birthweight, suggesting adaptive changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant global health concern.
  • Placental changes associated with malaria can impact fetal development and birth outcomes.
  • Understanding the specific placental factors contributing to low birthweight is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histological and morphometric characteristics of placentae from malaria-infected and non-infected pregnancies.
  • To determine the relationship between placental malaria, inflammation, and birthweight.
  • To elucidate the role of fibrin, intervillous space, and villi volumes in malaria-associated low birthweight.

Main Methods:

  • Histological and morphometric analysis of 372 placentae.

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  • Point-counting and linear intercept methods for volume and ratio determination.
  • Semiquantitative grading of parasitemia and inflammatory reactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Active malaria (AM), past malaria (PM), and non-malarial (NM) placentae showed no significant weight difference.
    • Newborns from AM pregnancies had significantly lower birthweights than those from PM and NM.
    • Placental inflammation, particularly lymphocyte presence in the intervillous space (IVS), correlated with decreased birthweight.
    • Increased fibrin volume was observed in AM and PM placentae; IVS and villi volumes did not differ significantly.
    • Increased syncytium/capillaries ratio was noted in AM placentae.

    Conclusions:

    • Low birthweight in malaria is primarily associated with intervillous space inflammation, not fibrin deposits or parasite load.
    • Non-leukotactic lymphokines may play a role in the inflammatory process.
    • Observed placental morphology suggests a less mature placenta, potentially an adaptive response to malaria.