Direct projections from the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to area 17 of the visual cortex in the cat

Direct projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) in the brainstem to area 17 of the visual cortex were investigated in the cat by the tract-tracing method with WGA-HRP. Neurochemical nature of neurons which were labeled retrogradely with WGA-HRP injected into area 17 was also examined immunohistochemically with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and serotonin (5-HT). After injections of WGA-HRP into area 17, neurons in the caudal half of the PPT and the LDT were retrogradely labeled bilaterally with marked ipsilateral predominance. In the LDT, about 20% of the labeled neurons showed ChAT immunoreactivity (ChAT+); the vast majority (about 80%) of the labeled cells showed TH(+) and DBH(+). In the PPT, all retrogradely labeled cells exhibited TH(+) and DBH(+), but not ChAT(+). No retrogradely labeled cells with WGA-HRP showed 5-HT(+) in the PPT or LDT. The results indicate that the caudal part of the PPT and LDT sends projection fibers to area 17, and that PPT-neurons projecting to area 17 are noradrenergic, whereas LDT-neurons projecting to area 17 are cholinergic (20%) and noradrenergic (80%).