Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: from experimental models to patients'...

Animal models are of great value in the evaluation of novel and experimental treatments that cannot be tested directly on patients. In this article, we summarize the spectrum of murine models for systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, focusing on animal models based on idiotypic immunization. Several therapeutic modalities that have been tested in those models had promising potential for application in human patients.