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Introduction to allergic diseases

Y A Mekori1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Meir Hospital, Kfar-Saba, Israel.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic diseases stem from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune responses to allergens. This involves mast cells and basophils releasing mediators, causing symptoms like hives and asthma.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune responses to foreign proteins called allergens.
  • Atopy refers to a genetic predisposition to develop IgE responses to environmental allergens.
  • The majority of allergic reactions are classified as IgE-mediated (type I) reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying allergic diseases.
  • To explain the role of IgE, mast cells, and basophils in initiating allergic reactions.
  • To describe the progression of allergic responses, including immediate and prolonged phases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunological pathways involved in allergic reactions.
  • Analysis of the interaction between allergens, IgE, and immune cells.

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  • Description of the mediators released and their effects on tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • Allergic reactions are initiated when allergens cross-link IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils.
    • The release of chemical mediators causes immediate symptoms such as hives, asthma, and anaphylaxis.
    • Prolonged inflammation occurs due to the recruitment of other immune cells like eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • Allergic diseases arise from a complex interplay between immune cells, allergens, and tissue inflammation.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective allergy treatments.
    • IgE-mediated responses are central to the pathogenesis of most allergic conditions.