Age-associated changes in the endocrine system

This article explores age-related changes in hormone metabolism and production. Common signs and symptoms of endocrine diseases of the elderly may be masked by or exacerbate other disabilities, and the patient may present with atypical signs and symptoms. Glucose intolerance, diabetes, salt and water metabolism (hyponatremia and hypernatremia), thyroid disease, male reproductive function, and growth hormone are discussed. Clinical and research aspects are presented.