Case history: cornerstone in the neuro-ophthalmic examination

A comprehensive case history is vital in the diagnosis and management of neuro-ophthalmic disease. This history is developed throughout an examination, and it is expanded whenever follow-up evaluations occur. Major objectives for developing a neuro-ophthalmic case history include having the patient reveal any clues suggesting that organic lesions exist, and subsequently exploring for characteristic ocular and nonocular symptoms that might prove helpful in localizing such lesions. The history is considered when selecting diagnostic procedures for the workup of neuro-ophthalmic patients, and it is especially vital in the decision as to which management options to pursue.