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Posttreatment changes in male and female patients: a comparative study
S E Bishara1, D Ortho, J R Jakobsen
1College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1001, USA.
Summary
This study on Class II, Division 1 malocclusions found that while overall posttreatment trends are similar between males and females, linear dimensions show greater changes in males. Clinicians should analyze gender-specific data for accurate interpretation.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Craniofacial Growth and Development
- Comparative Human Anatomy
Background:
- Class II, Division 1 malocclusions are common, with treatment approaches including extraction and nonextraction.
- Understanding gender-specific differences in treatment outcomes is crucial for personalized orthodontic care.
- Cephalometric analysis provides quantitative data on skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare posttreatment cephalometric and dental arch changes between male and female patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.
- To determine if extraction versus nonextraction treatment modalities influence gender-specific outcomes.
- To identify if gender impacts the direction and magnitude of orthodontic treatment changes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 91 patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions (44 extraction, 47 nonextraction) and 35 matched normal subjects.
- Collection of 39 cephalometric measurements (skeletal, dental, soft tissue) and 24 dental arch parameters.
- Statistical comparison using Student t tests to evaluate absolute and relative changes between genders at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and retention stages.
Main Results:
- Significant differences observed in the size and incremental changes of cephalometric parameters between normal males and females.
- Absolute posttreatment cephalometric changes, particularly linear dimensions, were significantly greater in males than females.
- Posttreatment dental arch changes showed the least frequent significant differences between genders.
- Both male and female subjects exhibited similar statistical trends in the direction of posttreatment changes.
Conclusions:
- While overall posttreatment trends in Class II, Division 1 malocclusions are similar between genders, significant differences exist in the magnitude of linear dimensional changes, with males exhibiting larger changes.
- Clinicians should consider gender-specific analyses for accurate interpretation of growth and treatment effects.
- Independent analysis of male and female data is recommended for a more precise understanding of orthodontic outcomes.