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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Autoimmune hepatitis

D Vergani1, G Mieli-Vergani

  • 1Department of Immunology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.

Annali Italiani Di Medicina Interna : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Medicina Interna
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis involves immune system attacks on liver cells, with T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 2 (TH2) responses contributing to liver damage. Research aims for better treatments for this inflammatory liver disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease driven by immune system attack on hepatocytes.
  • Both T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 2 (TH2) immune responses contribute to liver damage.
  • Genetic factors like HLA A1/B8/DR3 haplotype and C4A deficiency are associated with autoimmune hepatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding of autoimmune hepatitis pathogenesis, classification, and treatment challenges.
  • To differentiate types of autoimmune hepatitis based on autoantibody profiles.
  • To explore the relationship between autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing knowledge on immune mechanisms in autoimmune hepatitis.
  • Classification of autoimmune hepatitis based on autoantibody presence (antinuclear, smooth muscle, anti-LKM1).
  • Discussion of genetic associations and epidemiological observations.

Main Results:

  • Two main types of autoimmune hepatitis are identified: one associated with antinuclear/smooth muscle antibodies, and another with anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (LKM1) antibodies.
  • Females are predominantly affected in both types.
  • While LKM1 antibodies can be found in chronic hepatitis C, epitope targets differ, suggesting distinct etiologies.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis pathogenesis involves complex immune responses and genetic predispositions.
  • Current immunosuppressive therapies offer short-term benefits but frequent progression to cirrhosis remains a concern.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms for developing more effective and targeted treatments.