Flupoxam Induces Classic Club Root Morphology but Is Not a Mitotic Disrupter Herbicide

Flupoxam, an herbicide representative of a powerful new class of herbicides intended for control of broad-leaved weeds in cereals, has been identified as a mitotic disrupter herbicide. Flupoxam was evaluated on watercress seedlings for evidence of antimicrotubule effects characteristic of mitotic disrupter herbicides. At 1 μM, flupoxam inhibited root elongation and induced club root morphology. However, examination by light microscopy and tubulin immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that flupoxam is not a mitotic disrupter herbicide.