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Related Experiment Videos

Pulmonary gas exchange in elderly subjects

H Guénard1, R Marthan

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie, Université de Bordeaux II, France.

The European Respiratory Journal
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Healthy aging lungs maintain gas exchange, but lung carbon monoxide transfer capacity declines. This suggests oxygen transport may become diffusion-limited in older adults, especially during increased activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Physiology
  • Gerontology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Aging is associated with structural and functional lung changes.
  • It is generally accepted that lungs maintain adequate gas exchange throughout the maximum human lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that lungs maintain adequate gas exchange in healthy elderly individuals.
  • To assess gas exchange parameters in healthy adults over 68 years old.

Main Methods:

  • Measured arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (Pa,O2 and Pa,CO2).
  • Assessed alveolo-arterial differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (PA-a,O2 and Pa-A,CO2).
  • Measured steady-state transfer capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (TL,CO,ss) and gas exchange ratio (R) in 74 elderly subjects (69-104 yrs) and 55 young controls.

Main Results:

  • No significant age-related correlation was found for Pa,O2, Pa,CO2, PA-a,O2, Pa-A,CO2, or R in elderly subjects.
  • Elderly subjects consistently had lower Pa,O2 for a given Pa,CO2 compared to young controls.
  • TL,CO,ss and the TL,CO,ss/minute ventilation ratio significantly decreased with age, described by regression equations.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial oxygen tension does not necessarily decrease with age in healthy elderly individuals.
  • The decline in TL,CO,ss with age suggests that oxygen transport may become diffusion-limited in the elderly, particularly under conditions of increased oxygen demand.

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