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[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin in pediatric infections]
Abstract:
Azithromycin (AZM) was studied for its concentrations in plasma and urine, efficacy and safety. 1. Plasma and urine samples were collected from one patient diagnosed as having Mycoplasma pneumonia for drug level determination. The drug was given once daily at 9.7 mg/kg body weight for three days. The drug concentrations in plasma was 0.149 microgram/ml in 12 hours after the start of the treatment, and 0.095 microgram/ml at the point of 24 hours after the end of the treatment. Urinary recovery rate up to 72 hours post-dosing was 6.39%. 2. The effectiveness of AZM was assessed in 19 patients with following diagnoses: pharyngitis in two patients, bronchitis in four, pneumonia in seven and Mycoplasma pneumonia in six. The drug was rated "excellent" in 11, "good" in seven, "poor" in one, resulting in an efficacy rate of 94.7%. 3. AZM eradicated two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae identified in patients. 4. The AZM MIC's were 0.39 microgram/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, 0.20 microgram/ml against S. pneumoniae, < or = 0.0008 microgram/ml against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 5. One patient complained of mild diarrhea, while another showed a slight increase in eosinophils, suggesting an abnormal laboratory change. In conclusion, AZM was found useful in treatment of pediatric infections.
Insights
Azithromycin (AZM) demonstrated significant efficacy in pediatric infections, achieving a 94.7% success rate. This antibiotic showed favorable plasma and urine concentrations, with minimal side effects reported in the study.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic.
- Pediatric infections pose a significant health concern.
- Understanding AZM's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the plasma and urine concentrations of Azithromycin.
- To assess the efficacy and safety of Azithromycin in treating pediatric infections.
- To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Azithromycin against specific bacterial and mycoplasma strains.
Main Methods:
- Drug concentrations were measured in plasma and urine samples from one patient receiving 9.7 mg/kg/day for three days.
- Efficacy was assessed in 19 pediatric patients with various infections (pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia).
- MICs were determined for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Main Results:
- Plasma concentrations were 0.149 µg/mL at 12 hours and 0.095 µg/mL at 24 hours post-treatment.
- Urinary recovery rate was 6.39% within 72 hours.
- An overall efficacy rate of 94.7% was observed, with 11 "excellent" and 7 "good" ratings.
- Azithromycin eradicated Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
- MICs were: 0.39 µg/mL for S. aureus, 0.20 µg/mL for S. pneumoniae, and ≤0.0008 µg/mL for M. pneumoniae.
- Mild diarrhea and a slight increase in eosinophils were the only reported adverse events.
Conclusions:
- Azithromycin exhibits useful therapeutic potential for pediatric infections.
- The drug demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetic properties and a high efficacy rate.
- Azithromycin is effective against key respiratory pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae.