Traumatic arteriovenous fistula. Case report and overview

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Trauma Surgery
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Penetrating limb trauma poses diagnostic challenges for vascular injuries.
• Delayed diagnosis compromises patient management and risks limb amputation.
• Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas cause significant circulatory changes.

Observation:

• Arteriovenous fistulas induce profound pathophysiological and structural alterations in vessels.
• Most vascular changes associated with fistulas are reversible post-surgery.
• Longstanding fistulas can lead to irreversible arterial degeneration, dilation, and thrombosis.

Findings:

• This case report details a femoral arteriovenous fistula present for three years.
• The chronic nature of the fistula presented technical difficulties for late closure.
• Degenerative changes in the arterial wall were noted due to the prolonged fistula.

Implications:

• Early detection and management of vascular injuries are crucial.
• Prompt surgical intervention for arteriovenous fistulas can prevent irreversible damage.
• Understanding the chronicity effects on vascular structures is vital for surgical planning.