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Pulmonary aspergillosis: a spectrum of disease
L S Broderick1, D J Conces, R D Tarver
1Department of Radiology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
Abstract:
Although many species of the fungus Aspergillus have been identified, the most common human pathogen is A. fumigatus, which has a worldwide distribution. Although any organ may become infected, pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common manifestation. The spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis includes saprophytic aspergillomas, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing aspergillosis, and invasive aspergillosis. Immune status of the host, and the presence of underlying lung disease are important in determining the type of pulmonary involvement. Thus, the radiographic findings are variable. This article reviews the various manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis, including the immune status of the patient, the presence of underlying lung disease, and the radiographic appearance of the different entities.
Insights
Aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungal pathogen causing various forms of pulmonary aspergillosis. Patient immune status and underlying lung disease influence the manifestation and radiographic findings of this infection.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The fungus Aspergillus, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, is a widespread human pathogen.
- Pulmonary aspergillosis is the most frequent clinical manifestation of Aspergillus infection.
- The presentation of pulmonary aspergillosis varies widely, encompassing conditions like aspergillomas, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing aspergillosis, and invasive aspergillosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse clinical manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis.
- To correlate these manifestations with host immune status and underlying lung disease.
- To describe the variable radiographic findings associated with different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pulmonary aspergillosis.
- Analysis of clinical presentations based on host factors.
- Correlation of imaging findings with specific disease entities.
Main Results:
- Pulmonary aspergillosis presents a spectrum of diseases, from saprophytic to invasive forms.
- Host immune status and pre-existing lung conditions are critical determinants of disease type.
- Radiographic findings are highly variable and depend on the specific manifestation of aspergillosis.
Conclusions:
- Pulmonary aspergillosis has diverse clinical and radiographic presentations.
- Understanding host factors is essential for diagnosing and managing pulmonary aspergillosis.
- Radiological interpretation requires consideration of the patient's immune status and lung health.