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Iron utilization studies in Citrobacter species

S Khashe1, J M Janda

  • 1Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley 94704-1011, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Letters
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Citrobacter koseri uniquely produces aerobactin, aiding iron acquisition. This siderophore, along with enterobactin-like compounds, contributes to Citrobacter

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Citrobacter species are opportunistic pathogens.
  • Iron acquisition is crucial for bacterial virulence.
  • Siderophores are high-affinity iron chelators used by bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate iron scavenging mechanisms in Citrobacter strains.
  • To differentiate siderophore production between Citrobacter species.
  • To understand the role of iron acquisition in C. koseri pathogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 71 Citrobacter strains using biologic and chemical assays.
  • Growth inhibition assays using ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDA).
  • Iron utilization studies with hemin and hematin.

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  • Analysis of whole cell protein profiles under iron-restricted conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Nearly all Citrobacter strains (70/71) produced enterobactin-like siderophores.
    • Only Citrobacter koseri (formerly C. diversus) produced aerobactin.
    • EDDA inhibited growth, with effective concentrations ranging from 100-250 µg/ml.
    • Hemin and hematin reversed iron limitation effects.
    • C. koseri showed induced high molecular mass proteins (72-83 kDa) under iron stress.

    Conclusions:

    • C. koseri possesses distinct iron acquisition mechanisms, including aerobactin production.
    • Induced proteins in C. koseri may facilitate iron uptake during infection.
    • These mechanisms contribute to the enhanced virulence of C. koseri in extraintestinal human infections.