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Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

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Published on: April 19, 2022

Gastrointestinal bleeding after liver transplantation

J Tabasco-Minguillán¹, A Jain, M Naik

¹Division of Transplantation Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

Transplantation

|January 15, 1997

Summary

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) after liver transplantation (OLTx) occurred in 8.9% of patients, with ulcers being the most common cause. GIB significantly reduced patient and graft survival rates post-OLTx.

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Gastroenterology
Transplantation Surgery

Background:

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a potential complication following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx).
Understanding the incidence, causes, and impact of GIB is crucial for improving outcomes in OLTx recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence and causes of GIB after OLTx.
To evaluate the effect of GIB on patient and graft survival following OLTx.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study of 1000 consecutive OLTx patients treated with tacrolimus.
Analysis of 74 patients with GIB and comparison with 760 patients without GIB.
Endoscopic evaluation for diagnosis of GIB sources.

Main Results:

The cumulative incidence of GIB was 8.9%.
Ulcers were the most frequent cause of GIB (25/92 episodes), followed by enteritis and portal hypertensive lesions.
GIB episodes predominantly occurred within the first postoperative trimester (73%).
Patients experiencing GIB had statistically lower patient and graft survival rates compared to controls.

Conclusions:

Gastrointestinal bleeding after OLTx is associated with significantly decreased patient and graft survival.
Endoscopy is effective in identifying the source of GIB in most cases.
Early identification and management of GIB are critical for improving outcomes in liver transplant recipients.