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Complement and complement regulatory proteins in human tears

M D Willcox1, C A Morris, A Thakur

  • 1Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The complement system is active in tears, with higher concentrations and activation in closed-eye tears. Regulatory proteins are present but may not fully control this innate immune response.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Ocular Surface Science

Background:

  • The complement system is a key part of innate immunity, involved in inflammation.
  • Understanding its role in ocular secretions like tears is crucial for eye health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and activity of complement components in human tears.
  • To identify regulatory proteins within tears and assess their function.
  • To compare complement system activity across different tear types (open-eye, closed-eye, reflex).

Main Methods:

  • Sandwich ELISA and Western blotting to detect and quantify complement components.
  • Assays using complement-deficient sera to assess pathway activity.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for regulatory proteins.

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Main Results:

  • Complement components (C1q, C3, factor B, C4, C5, C9) detected, particularly in closed-eye tears.
  • Tears demonstrated complement pathway activity, with activated components in closed-eye tears.
  • Regulatory proteins decay-accelerating factor and lactoferrin were identified, though with reduced inhibitory function in closed-eye tears.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is functionally active in tears, with elevated levels and activation in closed-eye conditions.
  • Despite regulatory proteins, the complement cascade in tears shows activation, suggesting a complex role in ocular immunity.