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Lipoprotein analyses in patients with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome
C Yokota1, H Nonogi, S Miyazaki
1Division of Atherosclerosis, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
Insights
Lipoprotein abnormalities, including lower HDL cholesterol and smaller LDL particle size, are characteristic of coronary artery disease (CAD). These lipid profile changes were observed in CAD patients but did not appear to trigger acute coronary syndromes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Lipidology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Lipoprotein disorders are known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
- Understanding specific lipid profiles in CAD patients is crucial for risk stratification and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and characterize lipoprotein disorders in individuals with coronary artery disease.
- To compare lipid profiles between CAD patients and healthy controls.
- To assess if specific lipoprotein abnormalities differ between stable and acute coronary syndromes.
Main Methods:
- Lipid analyses were conducted using a table-top ultracentrifuge.
- The Hatch and Lees' method was employed for lipid quantification.
- Seventy-seven subjects (64 with CAD, 13 controls) were analyzed, including patients with stable and acute coronary syndromes.
Main Results:
- Patients with CAD exhibited significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared to controls.
- The ratio of LDL cholesterol to LDL apoB, an indicator of LDL particle size, was significantly smaller in CAD patients (1.2) than in controls (1.4).
- No significant differences in these lipoprotein disorders were found between stable angina and acute coronary syndrome groups.
Conclusions:
- Lipoprotein abnormalities, characterized by reduced HDL cholesterol and smaller LDL particle size, are a hallmark of coronary artery disease.
- These lipid profile alterations are characteristic of CAD but may not act as a direct trigger for acute coronary syndromes.
- The findings highlight the importance of assessing lipoprotein profiles in the management of patients with coronary artery disease.
Abstract:
We have performed lipid analyses by using a table-top ultracentrifuge based on the Hatch and Lees' method in 77 subjects (60 men, 17 women: mean age, 63 years) to clarify lipoprotein disorders in coronary artery disease. Sixty-four subjects had coronary artery disease and 13 normal subjects were controls. They were divided into the groups with stable angina pectoris and with unstable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction (acute coronary syndromes). In patients with coronary artery disease, there were no significant differences from control in age, body mass index, total cholesterol, however, HDL cholesterol was significantly lower than those in the controls. LDL cholesterol:LDL apoB ratio, which is thought to reflect the size of LDL in coronary artery disease, was significantly smaller than that in the controls; mean values were 1.2 in coronary artery disease and 1.4 in controls. There were no significant differences in those lipoprotein disorders between the patients with stable angina and those with acute coronary syndromes. Though these lipoprotein abnormalities would not play a trigger role in acute coronary syndrome, they are characteristic of the lipid profile of patients with coronary artery disease.