Biofeedback in the treatment of long-term temporomandibular joint pain: an outcome study

Eleven patients with long-term pain related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were trained in tension awareness and relaxation using feedback of muscle tension level in the masseter through a digital display. At a follow-up examination 4-15 months after the termination of treatment, 8 of the 11 patients were totally symptom-free or significantly better; 1 patient was slightly better, and there was no effect for 2 patients. Possible reasons for failure and sex differences are discussed.