[History of strabismology: II--strabismology in Poland]

The author presents an outline of strabology development in Poland since the 50s. Original ideas of Polish authors are provided, with three schools of treating strabismus existing in this country being discussed. In the final part the author highlights the differences between the method used in Szczecin and that in other centres implementing previous principles. The lack of consensus among the supporters of different methods is attributed to variability in the interpretation concerning the inception of mono- and binocular visual sensations, both in physiology and squinting subjects. The followers of the Szczecin School rely on Starkiewicz's theory which elucidates the genesis of the above-mentioned processes on the grounds of the reflex connections that arise between cortical centres of vision and all others in cerebral cortex, particularly with centres of kinetics and perception. Physicians proceeding with the treatment by old methods ascribe in these processes a great role to retinas of both eyes and ocular muscles without any explanation with regard to connections involving cerebral cortex.