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[Viral hepatitis E]

C Molinié1, J Desramé

  • 1Service de Pathologie Digestive, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé, France.

Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps De Sante Colonial
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis epidemics, primarily transmitted through contaminated water and food. While usually benign, it poses significant risks to pregnant women and requires improved sanitation for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) identified in 1991, distinct from Hepatitis A and B.
  • HEV is a small RNA virus transmitted via fecal-oral route, primarily through contaminated water and food.
  • Endemic in developing countries, causing outbreaks with specific demographic impacts.

Purpose:

  • To detail the characteristics, transmission, clinical presentation, and prevention strategies for Hepatitis E.
  • To highlight the public health significance of HEV, particularly its high mortality in pregnant women.

Summary:

  • HEV outbreaks are epidemic, affecting young adults, with severe fulminant cases in pregnant women.
  • Disease course is typically benign, but mortality is 1-2%, rising significantly in late-term pregnancy.

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  • Diagnosis involves detecting viral epitopes; prevention focuses on water safety and sanitation.

    • Impact:

    • HEV is a major global health concern, especially in Southeast Asia, due to its prevalence and severity.
    • Effective prevention strategies, including potential vaccine development, are crucial for controlling HEV outbreaks.
    • Understanding HEV transmission and risk factors is vital for public health interventions and reducing mortality.