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Contact damage as a failure mode during in vitro testing

C K Harvey1, J R Kelly

  • 1US Navy, Prosthodontics Department, Naval Dental School, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Journal of Prosthodontics : Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
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This study found that blunt indentation damage caused all-ceramic crowns to fail in vitro, a different mode than observed in clinical failures. Indenter size and specimen thickness influenced failure loads.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Ceramics

Background:

  • All-ceramic dental restorations are widely used due to their aesthetic properties.
  • Understanding the failure modes of these restorations under mechanical stress is crucial for improving their longevity.
  • In vitro testing provides a controlled environment to investigate ceramic material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the failure modes of all-ceramic crowns using in vitro testing.
  • To assess the influence of indenter radii and specimen thickness on failure loads.
  • To compare in vitro failure modes with those reported for clinically failed restorations.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of fracture surfaces and failure data from previously tested glass-ceramic cuspids (n=50).

Related Experiment Videos

  • In vitro loading of ceramic platelets (glass-ceramic and feldspathic porcelain, n=100) to failure using spherical indenters with varying radii (0.75-94 mm).
  • Analysis of failure modes, including Hertzian cone-cracking and bending failure.

    • Main Results:

    • Glass-ceramic cuspids exhibited failure due to blunt contact damage at the loading point, consistent with Hertzian stress-state damage.
    • Ceramic platelets failed from either the indentation surface (Hertzian cone-cracking) or the supported surface (bending failure).
    • Failure loads increased with larger indenter radii for both failure modes, with blunt contact damage occurring at higher loads than support-surface failures.

    Conclusions:

    • Blunt indentation damage was identified as the primary failure source for glass-ceramic cuspid crowns in vitro.
    • This in vitro failure mode differs from reported failure modes of clinically failed glass-ceramic crowns.
    • Contact radius, ceramic thickness, and surface finish of both the ceramic and test platen are significant variables influencing failure loads in vitro.