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Plasminogen activation by invasive human pathogens
1Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699-0008, USA. Boyle@opus.mco.edu
Abstract:
In this review the interaction between invasive human pathogens expressing plasmin(ogen) receptors and/or producing plasminogen activators with the human plasmin(ogen) system is described. Evidence is presented for multiple mechanisms by which human pathogens can acquire a surface bound form of plasmin that cannot be regulated by host serpins. The potential importance of these pathways in providing the organisms with the ability to cross tissue barriers is discussed.
Insights
Invasive pathogens hijack the human plasmin system using plasmin(ogen) receptors and activators. This allows pathogens to evade host defenses and potentially cross tissue barriers.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Biochemistry
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- The human plasmin system is crucial for regulating blood clots.
- Invasive pathogens can interact with the human plasmin system.
- Understanding these interactions is key to combating infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how invasive pathogens interact with the human plasmin(ogen) system.
- To explore mechanisms pathogens use to bind plasmin.
- To discuss the role of these interactions in tissue invasion.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on pathogen-plasminogen interactions.
- Analysis of mechanisms for plasmin acquisition by pathogens.
- Discussion of evidence for pathogen-mediated plasmin binding.
Main Results:
- Pathogens utilize plasmin(ogen) receptors and/or produce plasminogen activators.
- Multiple mechanisms exist for pathogens to acquire surface-bound plasmin.
- This surface-bound plasmin is often resistant to host serpin regulation.
Conclusions:
- Pathogen interaction with the plasmin system is a significant virulence factor.
- Surface-bound, unregulated plasmin aids pathogens in crossing host tissue barriers.
- Targeting these pathogen-host interactions could offer new therapeutic strategies.