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Accessory molecule and costimulation requirements for CD4 T cell response

M Croft1, C Dubey

  • 1Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

T cell activation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and additional signals from accessory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Multiple interactions are crucial for naive T cell responses, with varying requirements for differentiated T cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T cell activation is initiated by T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide/MHC complexes.
  • Full T cell responses necessitate additional signals provided by accessory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent data on accessory molecule regulation of T cell responses.
  • To present a modified two-signal model for T cell activation.
  • To discuss the role of accessory molecules in different T cell states and interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T cell activation and accessory molecules.
  • Analysis of existing models of T cell signaling.
  • Synthesis of data on T cell differentiation and APC interactions.

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Main Results:

  • Accessory molecules augment TCR signaling, while costimulatory signals promote IL-2 secretion and growth.
  • Multiple accessory molecule interactions are critical for naive T cell activation but less so for memory/effector T cells.
  • T cell interactions with varying APCs can modulate T cell responses.

Conclusions:

  • A modified two-signal model highlights the distinct roles of accessory and costimulatory molecules in T cell activation.
  • The requirements for accessory molecules differ significantly between naive, memory, and effector T cells.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to modulating T cell responses in various contexts.