Study on the normal and pathologic structures of the hard dental tissues using the scanning electron microscope

Area of Science:

• Dental Microscopy
• Biomineralization
• Enamel Ultrastructure

Background:

• Optical Microscopy (OM) and Conventional Electron Microscopy (CEM) provide foundational views of biological samples.
• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) offers a novel spatial perspective, complementing existing techniques.
• SEM enables detailed examination of biological structures, from macroscopic to cellular levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate enamel surface and internal structure using SEM.
• To identify structural defects in decayed teeth and compare them with healthy teeth.
• To analyze the relationship between enamel prism morphology and tooth decay resistance.

Main Methods:

• Utilized Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for high-resolution imaging of tooth enamel.
• Examined the outer enamel surface, including perikymaties and flaws.
• Analyzed fractured enamel surfaces to study internal structure and prism morphology.

Main Results:

• Focal holes and profound enamel defects with anfractuous networks were observed on decayed teeth, potentially linked to amelogenesis disorders.
• Similar defects were found in some healthy teeth, suggesting varied etiologies.
• Parodontotic tooth enamel exhibited fascicular regrouping of prisms, leading to a more compact structure and increased decay resistance.
• Decayed teeth showed expanded intraprismatic spaces, indicating reduced resistance to decay.

Conclusions:

• SEM is a valuable tool for visualizing enamel surface and internal structural details.
• Enamel defects, particularly those affecting amelogenesis, create sites susceptible to microbial plaque accumulation and caries initiation.
• Variations in enamel prism arrangement, such as fascicular regrouping, significantly influence tooth resistance to decay.