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Human cornea and sclera studied by atomic force microscopy

D Meller1, K Peters, K Meller

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.

Cell and Tissue Research
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Atomic Force Microscopy revealed distinct collagen fibril structures in the human cornea and sclera. These ultrastructural differences in extracellular matrix organization are crucial for the cornea's optical clarity.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural integrity to ocular tissues.
  • Understanding the nanoscale architecture of corneal and scleral ECM is vital for comprehending tissue function and disease.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) offers high-resolution imaging capabilities for biological materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the ultrastructure of the human cornea and sclera ECM using AFM.
  • To elucidate the nanoscale differences in collagen fibril organization between the cornea and sclera.

Main Methods:

  • Human cornea (n=16) and sclera (n=10) specimens were analyzed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
  • Tissues were fixed in Karnovsky solution prior to AFM imaging.

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  • AFM was employed to resolve individual collagen fibrils and measure their dimensions and periodicity.

    • Main Results:

    • AFM resolved individual collagen fibrils in both cornea and sclera.
    • Scleral collagen fibrils (118.3-1268.0 nm diameter) exhibited clear banding (77.02 nm D-periodicity) and larger inter-fibril gaps.
    • Corneal collagen fibrils (48.0-113.0 nm diameter) showed a beaded/globular surface without clear banding (68.50 nm D-periodicity) and were closely attached, with structures resembling cross-bridges observed in both tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant ultrastructural differences exist between corneal and scleral collagen fibrils.
    • The unique fibrillar properties and organization in the cornea are likely essential for maintaining its optical quality.
    • AFM provides valuable insights into the nanoscale architecture of ocular ECM.