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Review article: irritable bowel syndrome

M Camilleri1, M G Choi

  • 1Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder diagnosed using specific criteria. Management involves a therapeutic trial, with ongoing evaluation of novel treatments for persistent symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most frequently diagnosed condition by gastroenterologists, affecting approximately 20% of the population.
  • Symptoms are variable, with a consistent prevalence in Western societies, leading to significant healthcare utilization and economic impact due to absenteeism.
  • IBS is recognized as a complex biopsychosocial disorder, involving interactions between psychosocial elements, and altered intestinal motility or sensory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
  • To highlight the prevalence and economic burden associated with IBS.
  • To discuss the multifactorial nature of IBS, encompassing biological, psychological, and social aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is established through a defined set of criteria, with the exclusion of organic diseases.
  • Management relies on a positive diagnosis of the symptom complex and a therapeutic trial.
  • Further investigations are indicated for intractable symptoms to rule out significant motility or other underlying disorders.

Main Results:

  • IBS affects a substantial portion of the population, presenting a significant challenge in healthcare.
  • The condition's fluctuating nature and economic impact underscore the need for effective management strategies.
  • Current symptomatic treatments include fiber for constipation, loperamide for diarrhea, and medications for pain, with new therapies under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of IBS hinges on accurate diagnosis and a tailored therapeutic approach.
  • The biopsychosocial model provides a framework for understanding and treating IBS.
  • Ongoing research into novel pharmacological agents, psychotherapy, and hypnotherapy holds promise for improving patient outcomes.

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