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Related Experiment Videos

Volumetric MRI analysis comparing subjects having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal controls

P A Filipek1, M Semrud-Clikeman, R J Steingard

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California College of Medicine, Irvine 92868-3298, USA.

Neurology
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with developmental anomalies in brain structure, specifically in the left caudate nucleus and right frontal regions. These findings support existing theories and may explain differential responses to stimulant medication.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging and Developmental Neuroscience
  • Brain Morphology and Function
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with suspected underlying structural brain abnormalities.
  • Previous research suggests potential alterations in specific brain regions, but localized evidence has been limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate localized developmental anomalies in brain structure in individuals with ADHD using MRI-based morphometry.
  • To test hypotheses regarding structural differences in the left caudate and right prefrontal/frontal/parietal regions.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 15 male subjects with ADHD and 15 age- and IQ-matched male controls.
  • MRI-based morphometry was used to measure global and regional brain volumes, including cerebral hemispheres, cortex, white matter, and subcortical nuclei.

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  • Group-matched for age, IQ, and handedness.

    • Main Results:

    • Subjects with ADHD exhibited smaller volumes in the left caudate nucleus and reversed caudate asymmetry.
    • Reduced volumes were also observed in the right anterior-superior (frontal) region and bilateral anterior-inferior regions.
    • Smaller white matter volumes were found in the right anterior-superior and bilateral retrocallosal (parietal-occipital) regions in the ADHD group.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides the first evidence of localized hemispheric structural anomalies in ADHD.
    • The findings align with theoretical models implicating frontal-striatal and parietal network dysfunction in ADHD.
    • Structural differences may underlie varying responses to stimulant medications in individuals with ADHD.