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Systematic and random errors in compression testing of trabecular bone

T M Keaveny1, T P Pinilla, R P Crawford

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-1740, USA. tmk@euler.me.berkeley.edu

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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End-artifacts in the platens compression test for trabecular bone cause significant systematic and random errors. These errors, ranging from 20-40%, are substantial and impact accuracy, especially with small sample sizes.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • The platens compression test is widely used for evaluating trabecular bone mechanical properties.
  • End-artifacts, arising from specimen-platen interaction, are known to introduce errors.
  • Quantifying these errors is crucial for accurate bone biomechanical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify systematic and random errors from end-artifacts in the platens compression test for trabecular bone.
  • To investigate the dependence of these errors on anatomic site and apparent bone density.
  • To compare results with newly developed accurate testing protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Trabecular bone specimens (bovine tibia/humerus, human lumbar spine) were tested nondestructively using accurate protocols.

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  • Specimens were then tested using the standard platens compression test.
  • Percentage differences in modulus between the two techniques were calculated.

    • Main Results:

    • Percentage differences in modulus ranged from 4-86%, with a mean systematic error of 32.6%.
    • Errors showed no significant dependence on anatomic site (p=0.21).
    • Random error was substantial (+/-18.2% in this study, +/-12.5% from literature synthesis), confounding correction, particularly for small sample sizes.

    Conclusions:

    • The platens compression test systematically underestimates trabecular bone modulus by an approximated 20-40%.
    • Significant random errors complicate accurate correction, especially in small sample studies.
    • Researchers should consider these end-artifact errors when interpreting platens test results and opt for more accurate methods when necessary.