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Elevated antitoxin titers in a man with generalized tetanus

T Pryor1, C Onarecker, T Coniglione

  • 1St Anthony Hospital Family Practice Residency, Oklahoma City, OK 73102, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Even with adequate tetanus vaccination, including boosters, tetanus can still occur. This case highlights the importance of prompt wound care alongside immunization for complete tetanus prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Tetanus incidence has decreased due to vaccination programs in the US.
  • The disease primarily affects inadequately immunized individuals.
  • Physicians may face diagnostic challenges due to the rarity of tetanus.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old male presented with severe, generalized tetanus.
  • The patient had completed a primary childhood vaccination series and received two booster injections.
  • Pre-treatment serum antibody titers were significantly above protective levels.

Findings:

  • This case demonstrates that vaccination alone does not guarantee complete protection against tetanus.
  • High antibody titers were present despite the development of severe tetanus.

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  • Differential diagnosis is crucial as other conditions mimic tetanus symptoms.

    • Implications:

    • Prompt wound care is as critical as immunization for effective tetanus prevention.
    • Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for tetanus, even in vaccinated individuals.
    • Current immunization policies may require re-evaluation to ensure universal protection.