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Decrease in canine proximal femoral ultimate strength and stiffness due to fatigue damage

S J Hoshaw1, D D Cody, A M Saad

  • 1Breech Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Fatigue loading significantly reduces proximal femur strength and stiffness in elderly individuals. This bone damage accumulation, characterized by microcracks, is linked to hip fracture etiology.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Proximal femur fractures are a major health issue, particularly in the elderly.
  • Fatigue damage and microfractures are suspected causes of hip fractures.
  • The precise impact of these factors on proximal femur strength and stiffness remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that fatigue loading of the proximal femur causes correlated reductions in bone stiffness and strength.
  • To investigate the role of accumulated bone microdamage in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Canine femurs were used, with one from each pair loaded to failure to establish ultimate strength.
  • Contralateral femurs underwent cyclic loading at 50% of ultimate load until 3600 cycles or a 40% stiffness reduction.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Fatigued femurs were then loaded to failure; some underwent histological analysis for microdamage.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant linear relationship was found between strength loss and stiffness loss (Adj. R2 = 0.79, p < 0.0004).
    • Cyclic loading led to significant decreases in residual whole bone strength (p < 0.004).
    • Histological analysis revealed microcracks and broken trabeculae in fatigued femurs, particularly in the neck and head regions.

    Conclusions:

    • Fatigue loading demonstrably reduces proximal femur strength and stiffness.
    • Accumulated microdamage is a key factor contributing to bone weakening and potential fracture.
    • These findings have implications for understanding and preventing hip fractures in vulnerable populations.