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Hearing loss and herpes simplex

H al Muhaimeed1, S M Zakzouk

  • 1Department of ORL, King Abbdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) infection is a significant cause of hearing impairment in Saudi children. Over half of HSV1-infected children studied exhibited bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Hearing impairment is a common disability in children.
  • Identifying the specific etiological agents is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a known pathogen with potential neurological complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the etiology of hearing impairment among Saudi children.
  • To determine the prevalence of HSV type 1 (HSV1) and HSV type 2 (HSV2) infections in children with hearing loss.
  • To assess the association between HSV infection and the type and severity of hearing impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was conducted on 1054 Saudi children aged 12 months to 14 years.
  • Children were categorized into 'at risk' and 'not at risk' groups based on laboratory evidence of HSV infection.
  • Serological tests (IgM antibody detection) were performed to identify HSV1 and HSV2 infections.

Main Results:

  • 8% (82/1054) of children tested positive for HSV1 IgM antibodies, and 0.8% (8/1054) tested positive for HSV2 IgM antibodies.
  • 56% (46/82) of children with HSV1 infection presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
  • One child with HSV2 infection had moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing loss varied in severity (mild, moderate to severe, profound).

Conclusions:

  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection is a significant contributor to hearing impairment in Saudi children.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering HSV infection in the etiological diagnosis of pediatric hearing loss.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms of HSV-induced hearing impairment and develop targeted interventions.

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