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Published on: June 30, 2013
Aetiological factors for oral manifestations of HIV
G D Palmer1, P G Robinson, S J Challacombe
1United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
Objectives:
Describe the oral diseases in HIV-infected individuals in London, UK and identify social and medical factors related to the presence of specific oral diseases.
Design:
Dental clinics.
Subjects:
Consecutive sample of 456 patients with HIV infection.
Methods:
Social and medical history and clinical examinations. Univariate and logistic regression analysis.
Outcomes:
Presence of HIV-associated oral disease.
Results:
80% of patients with AIDS and 50% of patients with HIV had a specific oral disease. The most common diseases were hairy leukoplakia (30%), erythematous candidiasis (24%), pseudomembranous candidiasis (14%), angular chielitis (6%), necrotising periodontal disease (8%) and non-recurrent ulceration (6%).
Conclusions:
The presence of erythematous candidiasis was not related to advanced HIV disease. Pseudo-membranous candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and mucosal ulceration were significantly associated with advanced HIV disease. Smoking was also identified as a strong aetiological factor in oral diseases. Longitudinal studies are required to further explore the prognostic significance of oral diseases in HIV infection.
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