Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pediatrics
• Developmental Disorders

Background:

• Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) affect approximately one-third of children with early regression of unknown cause.
• Epilepsy and epileptiform electroencephalograms (EEGs) are linked to language regression in specific pediatric syndromes.
• The role of epilepsy and epileptiform EEGs in autistic regression remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between epilepsy, epileptiform EEGs, and regression in children with autistic spectrum disorders.
• To determine the prevalence of epilepsy and epileptiform EEGs in children with and without autistic regression.
• To explore the relationship between cognitive function and regression in this population.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 585 children with autistic spectrum disorders was prospectively evaluated.
• Data collected included history of regression, seizures, sleep EEGs, and cognitive function.
• Statistical analysis was performed to identify correlations between variables.

Main Results:

• 30% of children experienced regression, and 11% had epilepsy.
• Epileptiform EEGs were present in 59% of epileptic children and 8% of nonepileptic children.
• Regression was associated with epileptiform EEGs in 14% of nonepileptic children with regression, and lower cognitive function increased regression likelihood.

Conclusions:

• Epilepsy and epileptiform EEGs are present in a significant minority of autistic children with regression.
• Prolonged sleep EEGs are recommended for early recognition of potential epileptic activity.
• Further research is needed on the efficacy of antiepileptic treatment for language and behavioral improvements in autistic children.